Political Identity refers to political positions based on the interests and perspective of social groups with which people identify. 

Political Culture is the set of attitudes, believes, and sentiments which give order and meaning to a political process and which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system.
The reading talks about Trans-America. The melting pot and the diversity of cultures.   How the nation is in an entity crisis and it is hard to get it resolved. The essay also talks about how the revolution of ideas helped to create new ways of communication, transportation, and more scientific achievements.  Culture diversity has made a massive change among the people not only in the United States but also in the World. Many people still have problems with immigrants in the United States, changing laws and creating conflict in Society to see it go down instead of building a stronger country.  It is also said the process of Americanization as a flaw, everyone is entitled to their opinion, however, I think that Americanization is really not a problem.  This is supposed to be a reconciliation of two cultures, it is especially crucial for foreign students and professionals to be able to come to America since they will not be here just to live but to provide culture variety and extraordinary changes that might lead to a better tomorrow.